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125 million years ago…

2
00:00:16,891 --> 00:00:20,603
…winter ravaged the north.

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00:00:26,609 --> 00:00:30,864
Entire species have been pushed to the limit.

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00:00:40,582 --> 00:00:46,087
Not even the biggest dinosaurs
can handle this cold.

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00:00:53,011 --> 00:00:57,182
Like these sauropods migrating south.

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00:01:05,231 --> 00:01:07,609
Winter came early this year,

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and caught them off guard.

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With hundreds of kilometers to go,

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this time,
It will be an especially difficult journey.

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00:01:33,885 --> 00:01:40,433
But the intense cold
is not the only danger in this land of ice.

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There is a much greater threat

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00:01:45,230 --> 00:01:47,816
in these forests.

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The Yutyrannus.

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The Snow King.

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00:02:13,967 --> 00:02:17,804
An ancient relative of T. rex.

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With a feather thermal layer,

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he is perfectly adapted
to live in a very cold world.

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But feathers also have
a more sinister purpose.

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Camouflage.

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00:02:49,711 --> 00:02:53,631
The ultimate weapon
to hunt from ambush.

21
00:03:16,821 --> 00:03:19,073
With silent precision,

22
00:03:19,699 --> 00:03:23,077
he chooses
the smallest member of the group.

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In a wild and ever-changing world,

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some will rise

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00:04:00,823 --> 00:04:02,617
and others will fall.

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Despite everything,

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dinosaurs will expand their empire

28
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and advance relentlessly

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00:04:17,131 --> 00:04:20,969
to conquer
the last frontiers of Earth.

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THE TRUE STORY OF DINOSAURS

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00:05:26,743 --> 00:05:33,750
CHAPTER 3: EMPIRE

32
00:05:41,966 --> 00:05:44,552
125 MILLION YEARS AGO

33
00:05:44,635 --> 00:05:47,430
THE CRETACEOUS

34
00:05:47,513 --> 00:05:51,225
It's a new era for life on Earth.

35
00:05:53,061 --> 00:05:55,396
An era of extremes.

36
00:05:56,647 --> 00:05:59,317
New worlds are forming

37
00:05:59,400 --> 00:06:04,822
that will give rise
to the most famous dinosaurs of all time.

38
00:06:11,245 --> 00:06:14,749
The north is still dominated by the cold.

39
00:06:16,501 --> 00:06:18,753
But this will end soon.

40
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The most violent forces on Earth
they start moving again.

41
00:06:33,059 --> 00:06:36,270
Volcanoes boil and smoke…

42
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…warming the planet.

43
00:06:53,329 --> 00:06:57,792
But some will suffer the consequences
of a warmer world.

44
00:07:46,215 --> 00:07:49,385
As global temperatures rise…

45
00:07:52,054 --> 00:07:56,017
…snow and ice disappear.

46
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Huge rivers of meltwater
tear up the earth.

47
00:08:11,699 --> 00:08:14,285
This northern thaw

48
00:08:14,368 --> 00:08:19,081
expand further
the dinosaur empire.

49
00:08:21,209 --> 00:08:24,003
And in surprising ways.

50
00:08:31,385 --> 00:08:34,764
In this cool and fertile landscape,

51
00:08:34,847 --> 00:08:38,184
sauropods no longer need to migrate.

52
00:08:40,394 --> 00:08:42,730
But it's also a new world

53
00:08:42,813 --> 00:08:46,108
for one of the oldest rivals
of dinosaurs.

54
00:08:48,986 --> 00:08:50,655
The pterosaurs.

55
00:08:52,573 --> 00:08:57,620
They are now more impressive
and fiercer than ever.

56
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Including Guidraco,

57
00:09:04,794 --> 00:09:06,671
the Ghost Dragon.

58
00:09:13,970 --> 00:09:16,722
But he is an intruder here.

59
00:09:22,436 --> 00:09:27,525
Because these trees
are the home of Longipteryx,

60
00:09:28,609 --> 00:09:30,778
a new type of dinosaur.

61
00:09:32,697 --> 00:09:35,324
It is less than 20 centimeters tall,

62
00:09:35,992 --> 00:09:38,286
but it is very territorial.

63
00:09:38,953 --> 00:09:42,540
Especially during nesting season.

64
00:09:56,846 --> 00:10:01,934
They are also prepared
to face the pterosaurs.

65
00:10:04,020 --> 00:10:07,607
Now, they can fly too.

66
00:10:16,949 --> 00:10:18,826
In the past,

67
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flying dinosaurs like Anchiornis
they could only glide.

68
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Now they can flap their wings

69
00:10:29,045 --> 00:10:33,382
and maneuver them with precision
to attack enemies.

70
00:10:43,809 --> 00:10:44,935
They are fast.

71
00:10:46,103 --> 00:10:47,688
And fearless.

72
00:10:58,866 --> 00:11:02,745
Things get worse
for the tired pterosaur.

73
00:11:04,205 --> 00:11:08,542
Why Longipteryx are distant cousins

74
00:11:08,626 --> 00:11:11,253
of Yutyrannus, the Snow King.

75
00:11:13,297 --> 00:11:18,844
They have the teeth and claws of their clan.

76
00:11:29,397 --> 00:11:32,566
After ruling the heavens since the Triassic,

77
00:11:34,026 --> 00:11:38,614
now, pterosaurs are being
equaled by dinosaurs.

78
00:11:46,706 --> 00:11:51,752
But while the dinosaurs struggle
to expand your empire into the air,

79
00:11:53,838 --> 00:11:58,342
An even greater revolution awaits us.

80
00:12:07,435 --> 00:12:09,353
Not in the mountains,

81
00:12:09,895 --> 00:12:11,731
nor in the heavens,

82
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nor in the oceans.

83
00:12:15,192 --> 00:12:21,031
The greatest turnaround in Earth's history
is unfolding silently.

84
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Almost in secret.

85
00:12:27,747 --> 00:12:30,082
Seven million years later,

86
00:12:31,792 --> 00:12:37,256
This new force calmly rewrites
the story of the dinosaur.

87
00:12:37,339 --> 00:12:40,718
113 MILLION YEARS AGO.

88
00:12:50,603 --> 00:12:55,483
This is one of the first flowers
of this forest.

89
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A flower,

90
00:12:59,653 --> 00:13:04,784
in a new generation of plants,
vast and diverse.

91
00:13:07,953 --> 00:13:10,748
And it will become a phenomenon

92
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with the help of a close ally.

93
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The beetles.

94
00:13:24,512 --> 00:13:27,765
They transport pollen
from one flower to the next.

95
00:13:36,065 --> 00:13:39,735
The delivery service
most reliable in nature...

96
00:13:45,407 --> 00:13:50,830
…help these young plants
spreading across the globe…

97
00:13:56,794 --> 00:14:00,339
… transforming the dinosaur empire.

98
00:14:12,852 --> 00:14:16,438
But this new generation of plants

99
00:14:16,522 --> 00:14:18,524
has a dark side.

100
00:14:26,198 --> 00:14:29,535
Even though they need
to attract pollinators,

101
00:14:29,618 --> 00:14:33,831
many have also evolved
to repel herbivores.

102
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With spikes,

103
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thorns

104
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and poisons.

105
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Nature's defensive weapons.

106
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This green revolution changes everything

107
00:15:03,986 --> 00:15:06,530
for herbivorous dinosaurs.

108
00:15:08,532 --> 00:15:09,909
Including…

109
00:15:10,784 --> 00:15:12,828
…the great stegosaurus.

110
00:15:21,837 --> 00:15:24,423
They are group animals by nature.

111
00:15:26,133 --> 00:15:32,765
But this young stegosaurus,
At just two years old, he is alone.

112
00:15:39,730 --> 00:15:42,483
He's the last of his herd.

113
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These tough young plants require
a mouth that can chew

114
00:16:00,501 --> 00:16:03,545
in a way that your primitive jaw
can't.

115
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He's hungry.

116
00:16:27,653 --> 00:16:33,826
These once great herbivores
They cannot adapt to the new world.

117
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For this reason,
its 50 million year existence

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will come to an end.

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Extinction.

120
00:16:59,560 --> 00:17:03,063
But, after the extinction of Stegosaurus,

121
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a new era will emerge.

122
00:17:09,778 --> 00:17:11,697
113 MILLION YEARS AGO

123
00:17:12,239 --> 00:17:15,534
Over the next 15 million years,

124
00:17:15,617 --> 00:17:20,164
these new plants evolve
and diversify,

125
00:17:21,248 --> 00:17:23,625
spreading across the planet

126
00:17:24,126 --> 00:17:28,380
and getting more and more
in the dinosaur empire.

127
00:17:35,095 --> 00:17:36,680
98 MILLION YEARS AGO

128
00:17:36,764 --> 00:17:40,851
Now, the green revolution covers the globe.

129
00:17:42,978 --> 00:17:45,272
And not just the earth,

130
00:17:46,106 --> 00:17:48,067
but also water.

131
00:17:53,822 --> 00:17:55,657
Giving protection

132
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and food

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to underwater explorers.

134
00:18:05,959 --> 00:18:08,504
Like ankylosaurs.

135
00:18:27,940 --> 00:18:33,028
This aquatic beauty
It's a different dinosaur.

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00:18:39,701 --> 00:18:43,580
It eats plants, like Stegosaurus.

137
00:18:44,832 --> 00:18:46,500
But it is more developed.

138
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Much more developed.

139
00:18:55,300 --> 00:18:58,053
Because, unlike Stegosaurus,

140
00:18:58,720 --> 00:19:04,434
your advanced jaw can
crush food in a way that makes it easier

141
00:19:04,518 --> 00:19:07,604
eat any type of plant.

142
00:19:09,898 --> 00:19:15,195
It's the perfect fit
to this diverse new world.

143
00:19:22,953 --> 00:19:28,375
He wants to take advantage of everything
what this great kingdom has to offer.

144
00:19:30,502 --> 00:19:32,421
And he has a plan.

145
00:19:41,597 --> 00:19:43,515
It's a long walk.

146
00:19:46,977 --> 00:19:50,230
But the trip is worth it.

147
00:20:07,789 --> 00:20:12,169
This is the only place
where he can be himself.

148
00:20:23,555 --> 00:20:26,350
His passion is singing.

149
00:20:33,857 --> 00:20:39,154
It even has special holes in its snout
that amplify your singing.

150
00:20:44,409 --> 00:20:48,622
To be heard everywhere.

151
00:21:32,165 --> 00:21:35,919
A female responded to his call.

152
00:21:37,587 --> 00:21:43,260
It's time to enchant her
with his intense and passionate whisper.

153
00:21:50,058 --> 00:21:54,771
Then he shows you
your armor with style.

154
00:22:05,365 --> 00:22:06,700
It's all

155
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very persuasive.

156
00:22:28,180 --> 00:22:32,976
But your elaborate equipment
has some disadvantages.

157
00:22:36,188 --> 00:22:37,898
However, overall,

158
00:22:37,981 --> 00:22:41,234
your heavy armor
and developed jaw

159
00:22:41,318 --> 00:22:44,071
put you on the right path.

160
00:22:51,370 --> 00:22:54,873
But what no dinosaur
could you guess

161
00:22:54,956 --> 00:22:59,294
is that your empire
is gradually decreasing.

162
00:23:04,883 --> 00:23:07,094
Under water…

163
00:23:09,096 --> 00:23:12,933
… this world,
once ruled by dinosaurs…

164
00:23:16,269 --> 00:23:19,356
… is totally out of your reach.

165
00:23:26,154 --> 00:23:28,115
And there is a reason for that…

166
00:23:32,619 --> 00:23:35,163
…at the bottom of the ocean.

167
00:23:37,916 --> 00:23:41,044
A slow and imperceptible change…

168
00:23:43,255 --> 00:23:45,424
… transforms the planet.

169
00:23:52,556 --> 00:23:55,684
The seabed is breaking

170
00:23:57,144 --> 00:24:00,814
due to a progression
of endless eruptions.

171
00:24:25,422 --> 00:24:29,092
Earth's tectonic plates
are moving,

172
00:24:30,552 --> 00:24:33,346
destroying the ocean floor,

173
00:24:34,389 --> 00:24:38,435
elevating it over
several million years old.

174
00:24:42,522 --> 00:24:45,859
The water at the top has nowhere to go,

175
00:24:46,443 --> 00:24:47,819
except upwards.

176
00:24:50,238 --> 00:24:52,407
In the middle of the Cretaceous,

177
00:24:52,491 --> 00:24:56,536
sea water levels
reached the highest point in history.

178
00:24:57,704 --> 00:25:02,834
They were more than 200 meters above
than they currently are,

179
00:25:19,059 --> 00:25:23,313
The rise of the oceans
redraws the world map,

180
00:25:24,523 --> 00:25:27,317
eliminating entire land zones.

181
00:25:30,820 --> 00:25:35,909
The continent of Europe
is reduced to a giant archipelago,

182
00:25:37,244 --> 00:25:40,997
which includes Hațeg Island.

183
00:25:46,169 --> 00:25:50,090
Where the isolation
and evolution created a species

184
00:25:50,674 --> 00:25:54,135
from Never Land to dinosaurs.

185
00:25:55,595 --> 00:25:59,933
A world where normal rules
do not apply.

186
00:26:05,480 --> 00:26:09,317
This is where Magyarosaurus lives,

187
00:26:11,236 --> 00:26:12,904
a sauropod.

188
00:26:15,323 --> 00:26:18,451
And, like other sauropods,

189
00:26:18,535 --> 00:26:23,623
he has a long neck
to reach the tallest vegetation.

190
00:26:33,883 --> 00:26:35,260
The question

191
00:26:36,177 --> 00:26:40,432
is that this vegetation
It's only two meters tall.

192
00:26:42,058 --> 00:26:47,188
That is, Magyarosaurus
It's the size of a pony.

193
00:27:03,121 --> 00:27:07,751
On Hațeg Island,
where space and food are limited,

194
00:27:08,418 --> 00:27:11,963
sometimes the smaller the better.

195
00:27:28,229 --> 00:27:31,274
But unlike Magyarosaurus,

196
00:27:31,775 --> 00:27:36,488
for predators, bigger is better.

197
00:27:50,085 --> 00:27:52,212
As tall as a giraffe,

198
00:27:53,254 --> 00:27:56,716
one of the largest pterosaurs of all time.

199
00:28:01,096 --> 00:28:02,597
The infernal…

200
00:28:03,682 --> 00:28:05,684
… Hatzegopteryx.

201
00:28:10,647 --> 00:28:14,401
He came to this island to eat…

202
00:28:15,527 --> 00:28:17,612
…dinosaurs.

203
00:28:25,787 --> 00:28:28,957
The youngest member separates from the group.

204
00:28:36,840 --> 00:28:38,633
But it won't be easy to catch.

205
00:28:41,845 --> 00:28:46,182
Unlike their giant cousins,
he is agile.

206
00:29:12,584 --> 00:29:16,629
But since it's so small,
can't see others.

207
00:29:24,637 --> 00:29:26,931
They found a hiding place,

208
00:29:27,640 --> 00:29:29,642
perfect for your size.

209
00:31:12,662 --> 00:31:16,708
For tiny dinosaurs
trapped on an island,

210
00:31:17,750 --> 00:31:20,003
there is no other place to go.

211
00:31:32,140 --> 00:31:35,351
But in a world so divided by the ocean,

212
00:31:36,269 --> 00:31:40,940
evolution follows different paths,
in different places.

213
00:31:49,616 --> 00:31:52,410
96 million years ago,

214
00:31:53,953 --> 00:31:57,582
the sea water level was close
your maximum ever.

215
00:32:06,507 --> 00:32:08,635
Creating an aquatic world

216
00:32:08,718 --> 00:32:11,763
where no dinosaurs
dared to enter.

217
00:32:20,188 --> 00:32:22,315
But that's about to change.

218
00:32:35,912 --> 00:32:38,665
Lurking in this mangrove

219
00:32:39,666 --> 00:32:42,919
is a carnivore
which has evolved especially

220
00:32:43,628 --> 00:32:46,381
to face the final frontier.

221
00:32:57,809 --> 00:33:00,395
A pioneering dinosaur.

222
00:33:12,323 --> 00:33:14,409
The Spinosaurus.

223
00:33:20,498 --> 00:33:23,960
The largest predator that walked the Earth.

224
00:33:30,425 --> 00:33:33,011
15 meters long,

225
00:33:33,094 --> 00:33:36,014
It's bigger than a school bus.

226
00:33:42,395 --> 00:33:45,273
The forest has many prey.

227
00:33:49,193 --> 00:33:52,739
But he also got so big

228
00:33:53,322 --> 00:33:58,161
because of the places you go
to escape the sadness of the swamp.

229
00:34:14,427 --> 00:34:18,639
Here, the sea water level
transformed the oceans

230
00:34:18,723 --> 00:34:22,226
in a new hunting ground
for dinosaurs.

231
00:34:24,270 --> 00:34:28,316
Where bigger is undoubtedly better.

232
00:34:53,716 --> 00:34:58,888
Spinosaurus is adapted
to a planet that is now more of an ocean.

233
00:35:01,849 --> 00:35:05,686
And in this era, some of the biggest prey

234
00:35:05,770 --> 00:35:07,480
are in the water.

235
00:35:23,246 --> 00:35:24,747
Sharks.

236
00:35:30,253 --> 00:35:36,050
In a chase between a shark
and a giant dinosaur,

237
00:35:36,134 --> 00:35:38,678
the shark will always win.

238
00:35:42,807 --> 00:35:47,061
But Spinosaurus
There's more to tell you.

239
00:35:53,568 --> 00:35:56,529
The dinosaurs
they're not just getting bigger.

240
00:35:58,072 --> 00:36:00,408
Some are more cunning.

241
00:36:01,742 --> 00:36:05,955
This female will attract the sharks to her.

242
00:36:16,465 --> 00:36:21,679
Her snout has sensors
that detect all movements.

243
00:36:26,559 --> 00:36:29,687
Now all she needs to do

244
00:36:30,980 --> 00:36:33,274
is to be quiet.

245
00:36:49,165 --> 00:36:50,875
The best hunters

246
00:36:51,417 --> 00:36:53,252
They are the most patient.

247
00:36:55,630 --> 00:36:59,550
And her patience begins to bear fruit.

248
00:37:07,058 --> 00:37:10,603
The blood in the water
It's attracting sharks.

249
00:37:54,563 --> 00:37:56,107
She doesn't move.

250
00:38:00,736 --> 00:38:04,240
She knows how to play this game.

251
00:38:23,718 --> 00:38:25,886
Intelligence and strength.

252
00:38:27,888 --> 00:38:29,849
The best combination,

253
00:38:31,100 --> 00:38:37,231
which is allowing dinosaurs
set foot in the ocean.

254
00:38:46,073 --> 00:38:49,160
Now your reach is global

255
00:38:51,120 --> 00:38:55,082
and extends to the ends of the Earth…

256
00:38:58,336 --> 00:39:02,131
…to what will one day be Antarctica.

257
00:39:12,308 --> 00:39:17,229
While Spinosaurus hunts
in the shallow seas in the tropics,

258
00:39:18,147 --> 00:39:21,567
the southernmost territory in the world

259
00:39:22,151 --> 00:39:25,529
It's not the ice desert
that we know today.

260
00:39:27,365 --> 00:39:30,910
It is a green and prosperous paradise.

261
00:39:36,248 --> 00:39:41,087
Where, even in the dark,
evolution is lighting the way.

262
00:39:51,972 --> 00:39:54,433
And, thriving in the darkness,

263
00:39:56,018 --> 00:39:58,062
There are dinosaurs.

264
00:40:09,949 --> 00:40:12,785
At this stage, at the end of the Cretaceous,

265
00:40:13,411 --> 00:40:16,122
their empire is so vast

266
00:40:16,789 --> 00:40:20,584
who now dominate
all continents on Earth.

267
00:40:29,218 --> 00:40:30,553
However,

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despite having global dominance

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and undisputed leadership,

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their story

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will take a dark turn.

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Subtitles: Maria João Fernandes

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